In a previous lesson we looked at words that look similar in Italian and English, and which have an N in English, but not Italian. Now it's time for the letter X. In many cases, the X in English is "replaced" by an S. Sometimes it's "replaced" by a double S. In fact, X is used very infrequently in Italian.

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Esatto (exact)

Cioè, dopo quattro anni, Voi vi ricordate il giorno esatto

That is to say, after four years, you remember the exact day

in cui abbiamo aperto il Lido delle Sirene?

I opened the Mermaids' Beach?

Captions 56-57, Imma Tataranni Sostituto procuratore - S1EP1 L'estate del dito

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Tossico (toxic)

La mattina mi aveva detto che

That morning he had told me that

voleva far mettere questi rifiuti tossici nella mia terra.

he wanted to let them put this toxic waste in my lands.

Captions 16-17, Imma Tataranni Sostituto procuratore - S1 EP2 Come piante fra sassi

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Esplorare (to explore)

Stiamo continuando a esplorare quest'oasi verde...

We are continuing to explore this green oasis...

Caption 2, Meraviglie - EP. 1 - Part 7

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Esempio (example)

Qui abbiamo un esempio di scrittura di note sul pentagramma.

Here we have an example of notes written on a staff.

Caption 3, A scuola di musica - con Alessio

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Ausiliare (auxiliary)

Nei tempi composti,

In perfect tenses,

il verbo "piacere" è sempre coniugato

the verb "to delight" is always conjugated

con il verbo ausiliare "essere".

with the auxiliary verb "to be."

Captions 18-19, Corso di italiano con Daniela - Piacere

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Testo (text)

Quali sono le parole nuove che vediamo in questo testo?

What are the new words we see in this text?

Caption 25, Corso di italiano con Daniela - Primi incontri

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We can include contesto (context), pretesto (pretext), and perhaps other words that include testo/text.

Ossigeno (oxygen)

Il fiume ha un'acqua ricca di ossigeno.

The river has oxygen-rich water.

Caption 20, Meraviglie - S2EP1 - Part 6

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Tasse (taxes)

io non sono per niente brava a compilare

I'm not at all good at filling out

il modulo per pagare le tasse.

the form for paying my taxes.

Caption 55, Marika spiega - I verbi cavare e togliere

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We hope this gives you the idea, and that it can facilitate remembering certain words. There are undoubtedly others in addition to these, so don't hesitate to write to us and we'll add them to this lesson. For the N lesson, we received some good feedback.

Thanks for reading!

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A single verb that expresses the idea of "making do" is accontentarsi (to be content with something/to make oneself be content). The adjective it stems from is contento (happy, content). The non-reflexive verb accontentare can be translated as "to satisfy."

Me lo avete chiesto voi, eh, quindi io vi accontento.

You asked me for it, huh, so I will satisfy you.

Caption 6, Marika spiega - I verbi cavare e togliere

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You are giving someone what they want. You are making them happy.

Making do

The reflexive verb accontentarsi implies that something may not be up to our highest expectations or greatest desires, but it will do, because we decide to accept it. We settle for it. 

Quando ho molto tempo, preferisco mangiare frutta, latte e cereali;

When I have lots of time, I prefer to eat fruit, milk and cereal;

quando ho poco tempo,

when I have little time,

mi accontento del classico caffè e del cornetto o brioche.

I make do with a classic espresso and croissant or brioche.

Captions 20-23, Adriano - Giornata

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Adding some color

The verb accontentarsi has a lot of information in it, but Italians have an expression that enhances it even further. Italy, being a Roman Catholic country historically, is not lacking in monasteries and convents. While in English, "convent" tends to be understood as a convent of nuns, in Italian, un convento implies a religious community and may be either di suore (of nuns  = convent) or di frati (of monks = monastery). Many conventi around Italy offer hospitality to travelers, but the food that is served is the humble and simple fare the monks or nuns are served. And of course, they don't complain about it. 

So let's say someone asks you to stay for dinner on the spur of the moment and doesn't have anything special to offer. 

Se ti accontenti di quel che passa il convento, sei il benvenuto (if you make do with what the convent is serving [what we have on hand], you are welcome to stay for dinner).

But the expression is used outside of the realm of food, too. In this clip, we're talking about what kind of work one can get.

Guardi che Gigi c'ha pure due lauree.

Look, Gigi even has two degrees.

-E fa il deejay?

-And he is deejaying?

-E questo passa il convento.

-Well, that's what the convent offers [beggars can't be choosers].

Captions 13-15, La Ladra EP. 8 - Il momento giusto

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In an episode of Volare, the expression is used rather vulgarly, referring to a woman. But now, when you watch the video, you'll understand what's behind this expression.

Me so' [romanesco: mi sono] accontentato di quel che passava il convento.

I made do with what the convent was serving.

Caption 40, Volare - La grande storia di Domenico Modugno - Ep. 1

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A couple of additional examples:

-I'm talking to my husband about lunch:

Vuoi anche un secondo o ti accontenti di un piatto di pasta e un'insalata? (do you want a second course or are you happy with pasta and salad)?

-My boss asks me:

Mi puoi fare una bozza per domani (can you give me a rough draft by tomorrow)?

I answer:

Non so se ce la faccio, ma farò del mio meglio per accontentarti (I don't know if I'll be able to, but I'll do my best to satisfy you).

You may know that we can ask someone how things are going with come va (how's it going)? It's the simplest and least personal way to ask that. More personal is come stai (how are you, how are you feeling)?

"Ciao, come va?"

"Hi, how's it going?"

Si può anche dire "come stai?"

You can also say, "how are you?"

Come stai.

How are you?

Captions 5-7, Corso di italiano con Daniela - Chiedere "Come va?"

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Here's yet another way to talk about how things are going for someone. We use it in both questions and answers when the situation or outcome is new or uncertain, like, for example, a new job, a new home, an exam, and much more. 

And the verb is.... cavarsela. It's a pronominal verb — a verb that has pronouns attached to it — so let's take it apart.

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The main verb inside this pronominal verb is cavare (to remove, to extract). If you think of a cavity, something has been removed to create it. 

As a matter of fact, Marika has made a video about 2 similar verbs: cavare and togliere, which can both mean to remove.

Cavare vuol dire estrarre,

"Cavare" means to extract,

tirare fuori qualcosa da qualche parte.

to pull something out from somewhere.

Captions 7-8, Marika spiega - I verbi cavare e togliere

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Here's a practical example of cavare.

Ma non è una seduta dal dentista, questa, che ti cavo fuori le cose con le pinze!

But this isn't, isn't a dentist appointment, this, where I pull things out of you with pliers!

Captions 55-56, JAMS EP6 - Part 2

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Cavare can also be reflexive, becoming cavarsi. Although it can be used like levarsi and togliersi (to remove), when talking about taking one's shoes off, for example, it's not all that common. Togliere and levare are much more common. 

Mi tolgo le scarpe... indosso una vestaglia,

I take off my shoes... I put on a robe,

mi distendo sul divano,

I stretch out on the couch,

guardo un po' di televisione.

I watch a little TV.

Captions 40-42, Adriano - Giornata

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Instead of togliere, levare could have been used in the previous example about shoes. Mi levo le scarpe...

However, there is another, longer pronominal verb, cavarsela, which includes the reflexive cavarsi, and where we add la, which, in this case, means "it." "It" in turn, represents a situation, often a difficult one. So cavarsela can mean "to get oneself out of a situation." Cavarsela: cavare + si + la.

When using the verb in its infinitive form, we remove the "e" ending of the original verb in its infinitive, so cavare becomes cavar. Then, since we are going to have a direct object pronoun in there, too (in this case la = it), si (usually an indirect object pronoun meaning "to oneself") becomes se. And then we add, at the end, la, which is a direct object pronoun (meaning a generic "it") — and we get cavarsela.

A classic example of using cavarsela is when you take an exam you hadn't studied for, or some similar situation, but you got through it anyway.

Me la sono cavata, menomale (I got through it, thank goodness).

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Cavarsela can have various, related meanings, such as "to get out of a dicey situation," "to get away with something," "to manage," "to get by," and more, depending on the context. 

Insomma, neanche in sogno riesco a cavarmela da solo.

Anyway, not even in a dream can I get by on my own.

Caption 58, Psicovip - I Minivips - Ep 13

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Questions

Let's start with how we use cavarsela in a general question, perhaps because someone has a new job, a couple has a new baby or has moved into a new house, or someone has lost their job.

Come ve la state cavando?

How are you managing?

Caption 9, Sposami EP 1 - Part 8

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This isn't exactly a question, but the structure is the same. As a soloist, Matteo is good, but can he play with the others in the orchestra?

Adesso, però, vediamo come te la cavi con tutti gli altri.

Now, though, let's see how you manage with everyone else.

Caption 8, La compagnia del cigno S1 EP1 - Part 7

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 A woman who owns horses is thinking of hiring some help. She asks:

Come te la cavi con i cavalli?

How do you manage with horses?

How good are you with horses?

Caption 6, Il Commissario Manara - S1EP8 - Morte di un buttero

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An answer to a question with cavarsela might be:

Me la cavo (I do all right).

Ce la caviamo (we're doing all right).

Ce la stiamo cavando (we're managing).

When we use the passato prossimo (which is structured like the present perfect), for example, it's a bit trickier to use cavarsela. The present participle has to agree with la (in other words, it should be in the singular, feminine). And we use essere (to be), not avere (to have), as an auxiliary verb.

Va be', dai, però se l'è cavata bene, su.

OK, come on, after all she managed all right, come on.

Caption 7, La Ladra EP. 9 - L'amico sconosciuto - Part 14

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Here are some more examples of cavarsela conjugated in the passato prossimo (present perfect). 

Come te la sei cavata (how did you do, how did you manage, how did you hold up)?

Me la sono cavata bene (I managed fine).

If you are talking to two or more people:

Come ve la siete cavata? (how did you do, how did you manage, how did you hold up)?

Ce la siamo cavata così così (We did just OK).

Ce la caviamo bene (we'll manage), we're managing).

Me la sono cavata bene (I did all right).

Cavarsela can also be interpreted to mean "to get away with something." Tracking down all the pieces of this pronominal verb can be a challenge!

In qualche modo se l'è sempre cavata.

In some way he's always gotten away with it.

Caption 13, Il Commissario Manara S1EP5 - Il Raggio Verde - Part 11

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E tu? Come te la stai cavando con l'italiano (and you? How are you getting along in Italian)?

Thanks for reading. As always, you can write to us at [email protected].

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