In English, the difference between "until" and "as long as" is quite distinct, but in Italian, it's a little blurry because the presence of the negative word non (not) might change the meaning of a phrase or it might not. When the meaning is not altered by its presence, the word, in this case non (not), is "pleonastic." We're talking about finché and finche non.

Francesca and her travelling companion have just gotten a flat tire. Learn the steps for changing a tire along with Francesca.

The JAMS arrive at school in a rush, where the awards ceremony is already underway. Chef Borghese has just awarded the trophy but asks the winners if they would rather win by challenging the JAMS. Oscar, as captain, decides to continue the competition and they begin.

The JAMS are a group of four and without Joy the finales make no sense. Alice, Stefano, and Max go to visit Joy to show her just how important their friendship is and to let her taste the cake they made.

The finals are approaching and Alice, Stefano, and Max record a video of the recipe they have chosen as an appetizer to send to Joy. The JAMS don't want Joy to feel alone and wonder what point there is of participating in the final competition without their friend.

Alice and her friends know that something serious has happened to Joy, but their parents have only told them to be patient and that their friend will return soon.

In this final part dedicated to allocutive pronouns, Marika explains the origin of "Voi" and how it is used. At the end, she also provides a summary of all the forms seen so far to clarify any doubts.

Plenty of English words have snuck into the Italian vocabulary connected with AI. "Learning" is one of these terms and is a component of various categories of artificial intelligence. Marika explains it.

By now, we've all heard about artificial intelligence, but how to talk about it in Italian? Marika tells us what we need to know.

Marika provides more useful expressions involving the head, many of which are also common in English.

Here are some more expressions featuring the verb vedere (to see). For non-native speakers, a few of them might be a little tricky to understand, but others might be very useful to learn and use.

In this lesson, we look at implicit relative subordinate clauses, and how they are introduced. One of their main characteristics is that they use the infinitive of a verb, rather than a conjugated one.

Daniela explains the relative pronouns used in forming a relative subordinate clause. She starts out with the explicit kind.

Daniela talks about two kinds of relative subordinate clauses — restrictive and explanatory — and how we punctuate them differently.

To conclude the lesson on concessive subordinate clauses, we look at those constructed using the past participle of a verb or the gerund and introductory locations such as benché (though) and pure (despite), among others.